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May 14 Revolt
The May 14 Revolt (1915) was a politico-military uprising led by Álvaro de Castro and General Sá Cardoso which started in Lisbon, Portugal, with the objective of taking power from the dictatorship of General Pimenta de Castro during the Portuguese First Republic and returning the government to the principles of the 1911 Constitution.
==Background==
The Revolt was the consequence of the events during the Presidency of Manuel de Arriaga. At the height of political instability, when many of the Parties in the legislature were openly hostile to each other and the Assembly was unmanageable, the former President (finding no consensus) and wishing to reduce the influence of the Portuguese Republican Party,〔Tom Gallagher, 1983, p.25〕 dissolved the National Assembly unilaterally, and installed Pimenta de Castro to run the government. Castro immediately appointed several military officers in various ministries, dissolved the National Assembly, and ran the government as a dictator. He allowed the re-opening of monarchist organizations, three monarchist papers, and their members amnestied, including Henrique Paiva de Couceiro (who had led monarchist counter-revolutionary campaigns into northern Portugal). As a result of these actions Pimenta de Castro, Machado dos Santos, António José de Almeida and President Manuel de Arriaga were branded traitors to the Republic.
As the government had been appointed when the Assembly was not in session, the politicians demanded the resumption of sittings on March 4. This was refused, since the President was under no legal obligation to open the Assembly. Refused admittance to the National Assembly, the politicians gathered at the Palácio da Mitra, and decided to openly attack the government; they established, as a legally constituted assembly, that the acts of Pimenta de Castro and President Arriaga were unlawful, undemocratic and void, and were willing to take power by force.
It was at this time that they decided on the formation of a Revolutionary Junta to seize power. In addition to General Sá Cardoso and Álvaro de Castro, the Junta included Norton de Matos, Freitas Ribeiro, António Maria da Silva and they were dependent on Leote do Rego, as commandant of the Navy, to provide the principal insurrection. The coup d'état would be identical to the October 5 revolution, supported by the Navy (the group that was most favorable to the republicans) and violent civil groups, in particular the Carbonária and Formiga Branca (especially if it seemed that the army would not support the attempt, or if it was determined that they could not be trusted).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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